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C# 單值選擇查詢

提問人:劉團(tuán)圓發(fā)布時間:2020-12-11

    在SQL數(shù)據(jù)查詢語言中,我們熟悉的另一類查詢是SELECT DISTINCT查詢,該査詢可搜索數(shù)據(jù)中的唯一值,也就是說,值是不重復(fù)的。這是使用查詢時的一個常見需求。

    假定需要在前面示例使用的顧客數(shù)據(jù)中査找不同的區(qū)域,由于在這些數(shù)據(jù)中沒有單獨的區(qū)域列表,所以需要從顧客列表中找出唯一的、不重復(fù)的區(qū)域列表。LINQ提供了 DistinctQ方法,以便找出這些數(shù)據(jù),如下面的示例所示。


試一拭  投影——單值選擇查詢:BeginningCSharp7_22_8_SelectDistinctQuery\Program.cs

按照下面的步驟在Visual Studio2017中創(chuàng)建示例:

(1)在 C:\BeginningCSharp7\Chapter22目錄中創(chuàng)建一個新的控制臺應(yīng)用程序 BeginningCSharp7_22_8. SelectDistinctQuery。

(2)輸入如下代碼,創(chuàng)建 Customer 類,初始化 customers 列表(List<Customer> customers):

class Customer

    {

        public string ID { get; set; } 

        public string City { get; set; } 

        public string Country { get; set; } 

        public string Region { get; set; } 

        public decimal Sales { get; set; }


        public override string ToString()

        {

            return "ID: " + ID + " City: " + City + 

                  " Country: " + Country + 

                  " Region: " + Region + 

                  " Sales: " + Sales;

        }

    }

    class Program 

    {

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            List<Customer> customers = new List<Customer> {

              new Customer { ID="A",City="New York", Country="USA", 

Region="North America", Sales=9999},

              new Customer { lD="B", City="Mumbai", Country="India",

Region="Asia", Sales=8888},

              new Customer { ID="C", City="Karachi", Country="Pakistan",

Region="Asia", Sales=7777},

              new Customer { ID="D", City="Delhi", Country="India",

Region="Asia", Sales=6666},

              new Customer { ID="E", City="Sao Paulo", Country="Brazil",

Region="South America", Sales=5555 },

              new Customer { ID="F", City="Moscow", Country="Russia",

Region="Europe", Sales=4444 },

              new Customer { ID="G", City="Seoul", County="Korea",

Region="Asia", Sales=3333 },

              new Customer { ID="H", City="Istanbul", County="Turkey",

Region="Asiar", Sales=2222 },

              new Customer { ID="I", City="Shanghai", Country="China",

Region=,,Asia", Sales=llll },

              new Customer { ID="J", City="Lagos", Country="Nigeria",

Region="Africa", Sales=1000 },

              new Customer { ID="K", City="Mexico City", Country="Mexico",

Region="North America", Sales=2000 }

              new Customer { ID="L", City="Jakarta", Country="Indonesia",

Region="Asia", Sales=3000 },

              new Customer { ID="M", City="Tokyo", Country="Japan",

Region="Asia", Sales=4000 },

              new Customer { ID="N", City="Los Angeles", Country="USAt",

Region="North America", Sales=5000 }

              new Customer { ID="O", City="Cairo", Country="Egypt",

Region="Africa", Sales=6000 },

              new Customer { ID="P", City="Tehran", Country="Iran",

Region="Asia", Sales=7000 },

              new Customer { ID="Q", City="London", Country="UK",

Region="Europe", Sales=8000 },

              new Customer { ID="R", City="Beijing", Country="China",

Region="Asia", Sales=9000 },

              new Customer { ID="S",City="Bogota", Country="Colombia",

Region="South America", Sales=1001 },

              new Customer { ID="T", City="Lima", Country="Peru",

Region="South America", Sales=2002 }

        };

(3)在Main()方法的customers列表初始化之后,輸入(或修改)查詢,如下所示:

    var queryResults = customers.Select(c => c.Region).Distinct();

(4)完成MainO方法的其余代碼,如下所示:

foreach (var item in queryResults)

          {

              WriteLine{item);

          }

          Write("Program finished, press Enter/Return to continue:");

          ReadLine();

(5)編譯并執(zhí)行程序,結(jié)果顯示的是顧客所在的唯一區(qū)域,如下所示:

North America 

Asia

South America

Europe

Africa

Program finished, press Enter/Return to continue:


示例說明

    Customer類和customers列表的初始化與前面例子中的相同。在查詢語句中,調(diào)用了Select()方法,用一個簡單的Lambda表達(dá)式從Customer對象中選擇區(qū)域,再調(diào)用Distinct(),從Select()中返回唯一的結(jié)果:

    var queryResults = customers.Select(c => c.Region).Distinct();

只能在方法語法中使用Distinct(),所以使用方法語法調(diào)用Select還可以調(diào)用Distinct()來修改在查詢語法中創(chuàng)建的查詢:

    var queryResults = (from c in customers select c.Region).Distinct();

查詢語法由C#編譯器轉(zhuǎn)換為方法語法中的同系列LINQ方法調(diào)用,所以如果可以改進(jìn)可讀性和代碼風(fēng)格, 可以混合和匹配它們。

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